The female menstrual cycle is determined by a complex interaction of hormones. The predominant hormones involved in the menstrual cycle are gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone....
The Endocrine Cycle and the Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle The interplay between pituitary and ovarian hormones gives rise to a stereotyped pattern of hormone levels during the menstrual cycle. The graph below shows relative hormone levels in an average 28-day...
In XX century was discover the phenomenon – synchronized periods of women living in close quarters tend to synchronize. This phenomenon has been observed in women living together. It has been found in room-mates, close friends, lesbian couples and most strongly...
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor ß family of growth and differentiation factors. In the ovary, AMH has an inhibitory effect on primordial follicle recruitment as well as on the responsiveness of growing follicles to...
Prolactin (PRL) also known as luteotropic hormone (LTH) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRL gene. Prolactin is a peptide hormone discovered by Dr. Henry Friesen, primarily associated with lactation. In breastfeeding, the act of an infant suckling the...
Progesterone (P4) is a female sex hormone that plays an important physiological role in menstrual cycle – it regularize and rebuild changes to the body caused by estrogen as well as in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone is a principal female...
Testosterone (“T”) is a male hormone (androgen) which is found in low levels in the female body. It is a steroid produced in ovaries, adrenal gland and from conversion of other steroid hormones (such as androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone –...
Female hormones produced by the ovaries called estrogens. Estrogen is one of the main sex hormones in the body. It is mainly produced by the ovaries, but can be produced in men and women by other tissues like fat tissue, the brain and the reproductive organs. There...
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial glands and tissue outside the uterus. Chocolate cysts are a particular type of ovarian cyst linked to endometriosis. So called “Chocolate cysts” are well known also as Endometriomas – these are cysts in the ovaries...
One stereotyped view of women portrays us all as creatures at the mercy of our hormones. ‘Balls (or should it be ovaries?) to that!’ I say. Our hormones undoubtedly have a huge influence on our lives, but there is no reason why we have to become slaves to...
The thyroid is a small butterfly-shaped gland located below the Adam’s apple in your neck. Thyroid hormones are chemical substances made by the thyroid gland, which is located in the front of the neck. This gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones, which are...
Hermaphroditism is a form of disorder of gender development and nowadays it called “intersexuality” or “intersex”. The older term (“hermaphroditism”) came from joining the names of a Greek god and goddess – Hermes and Aphrodite. Hermes was a god of male...
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a health condition developed because of absent or decreased function of the ovaries due to a problem with the pituitary or hypothalamus gland – decreased production of a hormone called “Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)”. The...
Before speaking about stress induced amenorrhea, we should understand what is stress. Stress is body response to any kind of positive and/or negative events and/or demands and/or attack. Stress is a very special feeling to particular events – it is special body...
What is Adrenogenital Syndrome? Adrenogenital Syndrome is actually the congenital adrenal hyperplasia and it refers to a group of inherited disorders of the adrenal gland. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia causes the excessive production of adrenal androgens which...
